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/////
vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet:
/////
pacman(8)
=========

Name
----
pacman - package manager utility


Synopsis
--------
'pacman' <operation> [options] [packages]


Description
-----------
Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.

Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to manlink:libalpm[3], the
"Arch Linux Package Management" library. This library allows alternative front
ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).


Operations
----------
*-A, \--add* (deprecated)::
    Add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be specified.
    The package will be uncompressed into the installation root and the
    database will be updated. The package will not be installed if another
    version is already installed. *NOTE*: please use '\--upgrade' in place of
    this option.

*-F, \--freshen*::
    This is like '\--upgrade' except it will only upgrade packages already
    installed on the system.

*-Q, \--query*::
    Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
    packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
    packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
    can be run against the local package database or can be used on
    individual '.tar.gz' packages. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.

*-R, \--remove*::
    Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the specified
    package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most
    configuration files will be saved with a `.pacsave` extension unless the
    '\--nosave' option is used. See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.

*-S, \--sync*::
    Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
    servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
    example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
    packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repo, the
    repo can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install:
    `pacman -S testing/qt`. You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all
    packages that are out of date. See <<SO,Sync Options>> below.

*-U, \--upgrade*::
    Upgrade or add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be
    specified. This is a "remove-then-add" process. See <<HCF,Handling Config
    Files>> for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files.

*-V, \--version*::
    Display version and exit.

*-h, \--help*::
    Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
    then the general syntax is shown.


Options
-------
*\--asdeps*::
    Install packages non-explicitly; in other works, fake their install reason
    to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
    build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
    the package.

*\--ask* <'number'>::
    Pre-specify answers to questions. It is doubtful whether this option
    even works, so I would not recommend using it. *TODO*: document this
    more, as I have no idea how it works or when you would use it, or if we
    should just dump it.

*-b, \--dbpath* <'path'>::
    Specify an alternative database location (default is ``/var/lib/pacman'').
    This should not be used unless you know what you are doing.

*-d, \--nodeps*::
    Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a
    package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
    installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.

*-f, \--force*::
    Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
    package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
    installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
    This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.

*-r, \--root* <'path'>::
    Specify an alternative installation root (default is ``/''). This should
    not be used as a way to install software into ``/usr/local'' instead of
    ``/usr''. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
    temporary mounted partition which is "owned" by another system.

*-v, --verbose*::
    Output more status messages, such as the Root, DBPath, CacheDir, etc.

*\--cachedir* <'dir'>::
    Specify an alternative package cache location (default is
    ``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
    and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman.

*\--config* <'file'>::
    Specify an alternate configuration file.

*\--noconfirm*::
    Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do
    this unless you want to run pacman from a script.

*\--noprogressbar*::
    Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
    for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.

*\--noscriptlet*::
    If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
    unless you know what you are doing.


Query Options[[QO]]
-------------------
*-c, \--changelog*::
    View the ChangeLog of a package. Not every package will provide one but
    it will be shown if available.

*-d, \--deps*::
    List all packages installed as dependencies. This option can be combined
    with '-t' for listing real orphans- packages that were installed as
    dependencies but are no longer required by any installed package. ('-Qdt'
    is equivalent to the pacman 3.0.X '-Qe' option.)

*-e, \--explicit*::
    List all packages explicitly installed. This option can be combined with
    '-t' to list top-level packages- those packages that were explicitly
    installed but are not required by any other package. ('-Qet' is equivalent
    to the pacman 2.9.X '-Qe' option.)

*-g, \--groups*::
    Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not
    specified, list all grouped packages.

*-i, \--info*::
    Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
    querying a package file instead of the local database. Passing two
    '\--info' or '-i' flags will also display the list of backup files and
    their modification states.

*-l, \--list*::
    List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
    specified on the command line.

*-m, \--foreign*::
    Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
    database(s).  Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
    and installed with '\--upgrade'.

*-o, \--owns* <'file'>::
    Search for the package that owns file. The path can be relative or
    absolute.

*-p, \--file*::
    Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
    not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
    This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.

*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
    This will search each locally-installed package for names or
    descriptions that match `regexp`.

*-t, \--orphans*::
    Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
    installed package.

*-u, \--upgrades*::
    Lists all packages that are out of date on the local system. This option
    works best if the sync database is refreshed using '-Sy'.


Remove Options[[RO]]
--------------------
*-c, \--cascade*::
    Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
    or more target packages. This operation is recursive.

*-k, \--keep*::
    Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.

*-n, \--nosave*::
    Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
    file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
    file should be renamed with a ``.pacsave'' extension.

*-s, \--recursive*::
    Remove each target specified including all dependencies, provided that
    (A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
    explicitly installed by the user. This option is analogous to a
    backwards '\--sync' operation.


Sync Options[[SO]]
------------------
*-c, \--clean*::
    Remove old packages from the cache to free up disk space. When pacman
    downloads packages, it saves them in ``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''. Use one
    '\--clean' switch to remove old packages; use two to remove all packages
    from the cache.

*-e, \--dependsonly*::
    Install all dependencies of a package, but not the specified package
    itself. This is pretty useless and we're not sure why it even exists.

*-g, \--groups*::
    Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
    names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
    view all groups and their members.

*-i, \--info*::
    Display dependency and other information for a given package. This will
    search through all repositories for a matching package.

*-l, \--list*::
    List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
    can be specified on the command line.

*-p, \--print-uris*::
    Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
    dependencies yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and
    downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.

*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
    This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
    descriptions that match `regexp`.

*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
    Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
    package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
    report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and  the operation
    will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
    automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
    necessary.

*-w, \--downloadonly*::
    Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade
    anything.

*-y, \--refresh*::
    Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
    defined in pacman.conf. This should typically be used each time you use
    '\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags will force
    a refresh of all package lists even if they are thought to be up to date.

*\--ignore* <'package'>::
    Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
    available.


Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
----------------------------
Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
follow scenarios can result:

original=X, current=X, new=X::
    All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
    new file.

original=X, current=X, new=Y::
    The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
    Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
    improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.

original=X, current=Y, new=X::
    Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
    filesystem has  been  modified. Leave the current file in place.

original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
    The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.

original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
    All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
    extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
    necessary changes into the original file.


Configuration
-------------
See manlink:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
'pacman.conf' file.


See Also
--------
manlink:pacman.conf[5], manlink:makepkg[8], manlink:libalpm[3]

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