1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
|
/////
vim:set ts=4 sw=4 syntax=asciidoc noet:
/////
pacman(8)
=========
Name
----
pacman - package manager utility
Synopsis
--------
'pacman' <operation> [options] [packages]
Description
-----------
Pacman is a package management utility that tracks installed packages on a Linux
system. It features dependency support, package groups, install and uninstall
hooks, and the ability to sync your local machine with a remote ftp server to
automatically upgrade packages. Pacman packages are a zipped tar format.
Since version 3.0.0, pacman has been the frontend to manlink:libalpm[3], the
"Arch Linux Package Management" library. This library allows alternative front
ends to be written (for instance, a GUI front end).
Operations
----------
*-A, \--add* (deprecated)::
Add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be specified.
The package will be uncompressed into the installation root and the
database will be updated. The package will not be installed if another
version is already installed. *NOTE*: please use '\--upgrade' in place of
this option.
*-F, \--freshen*::
This is like '\--upgrade' except it will only upgrade packages already
installed on the system.
*-Q, \--query*::
Query the package database. This operation allows you to view installed
packages and their files, as well as meta-information about individual
packages (dependencies, conflicts, install date, build date, size). This
can be run against the local package database or can be used on
individual '.tar.gz' packages. See <<QO,Query Options>> below.
*-R, \--remove*::
Remove a package from the system. Files belonging to the specified
package will be deleted, and the database will be updated. Most
configuration files will be saved with a `.pacsave` extension unless the
'\--nosave' option is used. See <<RO,Remove Options>> below.
*-S, \--sync*::
Synchronize packages. Packages are installed directly from the ftp
servers, including all dependencies required to run the packages. For
example, `pacman -S qt` will download and install qt and all the
packages it depends on. If a package name exists in more than one repo, the
repo can be explicitly specified to clarify the package to install:
`pacman -S testing/qt`. You can also use `pacman -Su` to upgrade all
packages that are out of date. See <<SO,Sync Options>> below.
*-U, \--upgrade*::
Upgrade or add a package to the system. Either a URL or file path can be
specified. This is a "remove-then-add" process. See <<HCF,Handling Config
Files>> for an explanation on how pacman takes care of config files.
*-V, \--version*::
Display version and exit.
*-h, \--help*::
Display syntax for the given operation. If no operation was supplied
then the general syntax is shown.
Options
-------
*\--asdeps*::
Install packages non-explicitly; in other works, fake their install reason
to be installed as a dependency. This is useful for makepkg and other
build from source tools that need to install dependencies before building
the package.
*\--ask* <'number'>::
Pre-specify answers to questions. It is doubtful whether this option
even works, so I would not recommend using it. *TODO*: document this
more, as I have no idea how it works or when you would use it, or if we
should just dump it.
*-b, \--dbpath* <'path'>::
Specify an alternative database location (default is ``/var/lib/pacman'').
This should not be used unless you know what you are doing.
*-d, \--nodeps*::
Skips all dependency checks. Normally, pacman will always check a
package's dependency fields to ensure that all dependencies are
installed and there are no package conflicts in the system.
*-f, \--force*::
Bypass file conflict checks and overwrite conflicting files. If the
package that is about to be installed contains files that are already
installed, this option will cause all those files to be overwritten.
This option should be used with care, ideally not at all.
*-r, \--root* <'path'>::
Specify an alternative installation root (default is ``/''). This should
not be used as a way to install software into ``/usr/local'' instead of
``/usr''. This option is used if you want to install a package on a
temporary mounted partition which is "owned" by another system.
*-v, --verbose*::
Output more status messages, such as the Root, DBPath, CacheDir, etc.
*\--cachedir* <'dir'>::
Specify an alternative package cache location (default is
``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''). Multiple cache directories can be specified,
and they are tried in the order they are passed to pacman.
*\--config* <'file'>::
Specify an alternate configuration file.
*\--noconfirm*::
Bypass any and all "Are you sure?" messages. It's not a good idea to do
this unless you want to run pacman from a script.
*\--noprogressbar*::
Do not show a progress bar when downloading files. This can be useful
for scripts that call pacman and capture the output.
*\--noscriptlet*::
If an install scriptlet exists, do not execute it. Do not use this
unless you know what you are doing.
Query Options[[QO]]
-------------------
*-c, \--changelog*::
View the ChangeLog of a package. Not every package will provide one but
it will be shown if available.
*-d, \--deps*::
List all packages installed as dependencies. This option can be combined
with '-t' for listing real orphans- packages that were installed as
dependencies but are no longer required by any installed package. ('-Qdt'
is equivalent to the pacman 3.0.X '-Qe' option.)
*-e, \--explicit*::
List all packages explicitly installed. This option can be combined with
'-t' to list top-level packages- those packages that were explicitly
installed but are not required by any other package. ('-Qet' is equivalent
to the pacman 2.9.X '-Qe' option.)
*-g, \--groups*::
Display all packages that are members of a named group. If a name is not
specified, list all grouped packages.
*-i, \--info*::
Display information on a given package. The '-p' option can be used if
querying a package file instead of the local database. Passing two
'\--info' or '-i' flags will also display the list of backup files and
their modification states.
*-l, \--list*::
List all files owned by a given package. Multiple packages can be
specified on the command line.
*-m, \--foreign*::
Restrict or filter output to packages that were not found in the sync
database(s). Typically these are packages that were downloaded manually
and installed with '\--upgrade'.
*-o, \--owns* <'file'>::
Search for the package that owns file. The path can be relative or
absolute.
*-p, \--file*::
Signifies that the package supplied on the command line is a file and
not an entry in the database. The file will be decompressed and queried.
This is useful in combination with '\--info' and '\--list'.
*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
This will search each locally-installed package for names or
descriptions that match `regexp`.
*-t, \--orphans*::
Restrict or filter output to packages not required by any currently
installed package.
*-u, \--upgrades*::
Lists all packages that are out of date on the local system. This option
works best if the sync database is refreshed using '-Sy'.
Remove Options[[RO]]
--------------------
*-c, \--cascade*::
Remove all target packages, as well as all packages that depend on one
or more target packages. This operation is recursive.
*-k, \--keep*::
Removes the database entry only. Leaves all files in place.
*-n, \--nosave*::
Instructs pacman to ignore file backup designations. Normally, when a
file is removed from the system the database is checked to see if the
file should be renamed with a ``.pacsave'' extension.
*-s, \--recursive*::
Remove each target specified including all dependencies, provided that
(A) they are not required by other packages; and (B) they were not
explicitly installed by the user. This option is analogous to a
backwards '\--sync' operation.
Sync Options[[SO]]
------------------
*-c, \--clean*::
Remove old packages from the cache to free up disk space. When pacman
downloads packages, it saves them in ``/var/cache/pacman/pkg''. Use one
'\--clean' switch to remove old packages; use two to remove all packages
from the cache.
*-e, \--dependsonly*::
Install all dependencies of a package, but not the specified package
itself. This is pretty useless and we're not sure why it even exists.
*-g, \--groups*::
Display all the members for each package group specified. If no group
names are provided, all groups will be listed; pass the flag twice to
view all groups and their members.
*-i, \--info*::
Display dependency and other information for a given package. This will
search through all repositories for a matching package.
*-l, \--list*::
List all packages in the specified repositories. Multiple repositories
can be specified on the command line.
*-p, \--print-uris*::
Print out URIs for each package that will be installed, including any
dependencies yet to be installed. These can be piped to a file and
downloaded at a later time, using a program like wget.
*-s, \--search* <'regexp'>::
This will search each package in the sync databases for names or
descriptions that match `regexp`.
*-u, \--sysupgrade*::
Upgrades all packages that are out of date. Each currently-installed
package will be examined and upgraded if a newer package exists. A
report of all packages to upgrade will be presented and the operation
will not proceed without user confirmation. Dependencies are
automatically resolved at this level and will be installed/upgraded if
necessary.
*-w, \--downloadonly*::
Retrieve all packages from the server, but do not install/upgrade
anything.
*-y, \--refresh*::
Download a fresh copy of the master package list from the server(s)
defined in pacman.conf. This should typically be used each time you use
'\--sysupgrade' or '-u'. Passing two '\--refresh' or '-y' flags will force
a refresh of all package lists even if they are thought to be up to date.
*\--ignore* <'package'>::
Directs pacman to ignore upgrades of package even if there is one
available.
Handling Config Files[[HCF]]
----------------------------
Pacman uses the same logic as rpm to determine action against files that are
designated to be backed up. During an upgrade, 3 md5 hashes are used for each
backup file to determine the required action: one for the original file
installed, one for the new file that's about to be installed, and one for the
actual file existing on the filesystem. After comparing these 3 hashes, the
follow scenarios can result:
original=X, current=X, new=X::
All three files are the same, so overwrites are not an issue Install the
new file.
original=X, current=X, new=Y::
The current file is the same as the original but the new one differs.
Since the user did not ever modify the file, and the new one may contain
improvements or bugfixes, install the new file.
original=X, current=Y, new=X::
Both package versions contain the exact same file, but the one on the
filesystem has been modified. Leave the current file in place.
original=X, current=Y, new=Y::
The new file is identical to the current file. Install the new file.
original=X, current=Y, new=Z::
All three files are different, so install the new file with a '.pacnew'
extension and warn the user. The user must then manually merge any
necessary changes into the original file.
Configuration
-------------
See manlink:pacman.conf[5] for more details on configuring pacman using the
'pacman.conf' file.
See Also
--------
manlink:pacman.conf[5], manlink:makepkg[8], manlink:libalpm[3]
include::footer.txt[]
|
