Fresh start

4 files changed, 1712 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..042d11d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,1555 @@
+require_relative "testbase"
+require 'bigdecimal/math'
+
+require 'thread'
+
+class TestBigDecimal < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include TestBigDecimalBase
+
+  ROUNDING_MODE_MAP = [
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_UP,        :up],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_DOWN,      :down],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_DOWN,      :truncate],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP,   :half_up],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP,   :default],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN, :half_down],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN, :half_even],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN, :banker],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_CEILING,   :ceiling],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_CEILING,   :ceil],
+    [ BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR,     :floor],
+  ]
+
+  def assert_nan(x)
+    assert(x.nan?, "Expected #{x.inspect} to be NaN")
+  end
+
+  def assert_positive_infinite(x)
+    assert(x.infinite?, "Expected #{x.inspect} to be positive infinite")
+    assert_operator(x, :>, 0)
+  end
+
+  def assert_negative_infinite(x)
+    assert(x.infinite?, "Expected #{x.inspect} to be negative infinite")
+    assert_operator(x, :<, 0)
+  end
+
+  def assert_positive_zero(x)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, x.sign,
+                 "Expected #{x.inspect} to be positive zero")
+  end
+
+  def assert_negative_zero(x)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, x.sign,
+                 "Expected #{x.inspect} to be negative zero")
+  end
+
+  def test_not_equal
+    assert_not_equal BigDecimal("1"), BigDecimal.allocate
+  end
+
+  def test_global_new
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal("1"))
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal("1", 1))
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal("1", -1) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal(4.2) }
+    begin
+      BigDecimal(4.2)
+    rescue ArgumentError => error
+      assert_match(/Float/, error.message)
+    end
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal(42.quo(7)) }
+    begin
+      BigDecimal(42.quo(7))
+    rescue ArgumentError => error
+      assert_match(/Rational/, error.message)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_global_new_with_integer
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("1"), BigDecimal(1))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("-1"), BigDecimal(-1))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal((2**100).to_s), BigDecimal(2**100))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal((-2**100).to_s), BigDecimal(-2**100))
+  end
+
+  def test_global_new_with_rational
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0.333333333333333333333"), BigDecimal(1.quo(3), 21))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("-0.333333333333333333333"), BigDecimal(-1.quo(3), 21))
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal(1.quo(3)) }
+  end
+
+  def test_global_new_with_float
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0.1235"), BigDecimal(0.1234567, 4))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("-0.1235"), BigDecimal(-0.1234567, 4))
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal(0.1) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal(0.1, Float::DIG + 2) }
+    assert_nothing_raised { BigDecimal(0.1, Float::DIG + 1) }
+
+    bug9214 = '[ruby-core:58858]'
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal(-0.0, Float::DIG).sign, -1, bug9214)
+  end
+
+  def test_global_new_with_big_decimal
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal(1), BigDecimal(BigDecimal(1)))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal('+0'), BigDecimal(BigDecimal('+0')))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal('-0'), BigDecimal(BigDecimal('-0')))
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal(BigDecimal('Infinity')))
+      assert_negative_infinite(BigDecimal(BigDecimal('-Infinity')))
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal(BigDecimal('NaN')))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_global_new_with_tainted_string
+    Thread.new {
+      $SAFE = 1
+      BigDecimal('1'.taint)
+    }.join
+  end
+
+  def test_new
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal.new("1"))
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal.new("1", 1))
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal.new(" 1 "))
+    assert_equal(111, BigDecimal.new("1_1_1_"))
+    assert_equal(0, BigDecimal.new("_1_1_1"))
+    assert_equal(10**(-1), BigDecimal.new("1E-1"), '#4825')
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    assert_equal( 1, BigDecimal.new("Infinity").infinite?)
+    assert_equal(-1, BigDecimal.new("-Infinity").infinite?)
+    assert_equal(true, BigDecimal.new("NaN").nan?)
+    assert_equal( 1, BigDecimal.new("1E1111111111111111111").infinite?)
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_integer
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("1"), BigDecimal.new(1))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("-1"), BigDecimal.new(-1))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal((2**100).to_s), BigDecimal.new(2**100))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal((-2**100).to_s), BigDecimal.new(-2**100))
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_rational
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0.333333333333333333333"), BigDecimal.new(1.quo(3), 21))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("-0.333333333333333333333"), BigDecimal.new(-1.quo(3), 21))
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.new(1.quo(3)) }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_float
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0.1235"), BigDecimal(0.1234567, 4))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("-0.1235"), BigDecimal(-0.1234567, 4))
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.new(0.1) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.new(0.1, Float::DIG + 2) }
+    assert_nothing_raised { BigDecimal.new(0.1, Float::DIG + 1) }
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_big_decimal
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal(1), BigDecimal.new(BigDecimal(1)))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal('+0'), BigDecimal.new(BigDecimal('+0')))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal('-0'), BigDecimal.new(BigDecimal('-0')))
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal.new(BigDecimal('Infinity')))
+      assert_negative_infinite(BigDecimal.new(BigDecimal('-Infinity')))
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal(BigDecimal.new('NaN')))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_new_with_tainted_string
+    Thread.new {
+      $SAFE = 1
+      BigDecimal.new('1'.taint)
+    }.join
+  end
+
+  def _test_mode(type)
+    BigDecimal.mode(type, true)
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) { yield }
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(type, false)
+    assert_nothing_raised { yield }
+  end
+
+  def test_mode
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ALL, 1) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, 256) }
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, :xyzzy) }
+    assert_raise(TypeError) { BigDecimal.mode(0xf000, true) }
+
+    begin
+      saved_mode = BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE)
+
+      [ BigDecimal::ROUND_UP,
+        BigDecimal::ROUND_DOWN,
+        BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP,
+        BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN,
+        BigDecimal::ROUND_CEILING,
+        BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR,
+        BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN,
+      ].each do |mode|
+        BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, mode)
+        assert_equal(mode, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE))
+      end
+    ensure
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, saved_mode)
+    end
+
+    BigDecimal.save_rounding_mode do
+      ROUNDING_MODE_MAP.each do |const, sym|
+        BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, sym)
+        assert_equal(const, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_thread_local_mode
+    begin
+      saved_mode = BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE)
+
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+      Thread.start {
+        BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+        assert_equal(BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE))
+      }.join
+      assert_equal(BigDecimal::ROUND_UP, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE))
+    ensure
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, saved_mode)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_save_exception_mode
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    mode = BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW)
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, true)
+    end
+    assert_equal(mode, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW))
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    end
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE))
+
+    assert_equal(42, BigDecimal.save_exception_mode { 42 })
+  end
+
+  def test_save_rounding_mode
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    BigDecimal.save_rounding_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    end
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR, BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE))
+
+    assert_equal(42, BigDecimal.save_rounding_mode { 42 })
+  end
+
+  def test_save_limit
+    begin
+      old = BigDecimal.limit
+      BigDecimal.limit(100)
+      BigDecimal.save_limit do
+        BigDecimal.limit(200)
+      end
+      assert_equal(100, BigDecimal.limit);
+    ensure
+      BigDecimal.limit(old)
+    end
+
+    assert_equal(42, BigDecimal.save_limit { 42 })
+  end
+
+  def test_exception_nan
+    _test_mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN) { BigDecimal.new("NaN") }
+  end
+
+  def test_exception_infinity
+    _test_mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY) { BigDecimal.new("Infinity") }
+  end
+
+  def test_exception_underflow
+    _test_mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW) do
+      x = BigDecimal.new("0.1")
+      100.times do
+        x *= x
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exception_overflow
+    _test_mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW) do
+      x = BigDecimal.new("10")
+      100.times do
+        x *= x
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exception_zerodivide
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    _test_mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE) { 1 / BigDecimal.new("0") }
+    _test_mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE) { -1 / BigDecimal.new("0") }
+  end
+
+  def test_round_up
+    n4 = BigDecimal.new("4") # n4 / 9 = 0.44444...
+    n5 = BigDecimal.new("5") # n5 / 9 = 0.55555...
+    n6 = BigDecimal.new("6") # n6 / 9 = 0.66666...
+    m4, m5, m6 = -n4, -n5, -n6
+    n2h = BigDecimal.new("2.5")
+    n3h = BigDecimal.new("3.5")
+    m2h, m3h = -n2h, -n3h
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_UP)
+    assert_operator(n4, :<, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :<, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :<, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :>, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :>, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :>, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(3, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(4, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-3, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-4, m3h.round)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_DOWN)
+    assert_operator(n4, :>, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :>, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :>, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :<, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :<, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :<, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(2, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(3, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-2, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-3, m3h.round)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    assert_operator(n4, :>, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :<, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :<, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :<, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :>, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :>, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(3, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(4, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-3, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-4, m3h.round)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
+    assert_operator(n4, :>, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :>, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :<, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :<, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :<, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :>, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(2, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(3, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-2, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-3, m3h.round)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
+    assert_operator(n4, :>, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :<, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :<, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :<, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :>, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :>, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(2, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(4, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-2, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-4, m3h.round)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_CEILING)
+    assert_operator(n4, :<, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :<, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :<, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :<, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :<, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :<, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(3, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(4, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-2, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-3, m3h.round)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR)
+    assert_operator(n4, :>, n4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n5, :>, n5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(n6, :>, n6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m4, :>, m4 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m5, :>, m5 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_operator(m6, :>, m6 / 9 * 9)
+    assert_equal(2, n2h.round)
+    assert_equal(3, n3h.round)
+    assert_equal(-3, m2h.round)
+    assert_equal(-4, m3h.round)
+  end
+
+  def test_zero_p
+    assert_equal(true, BigDecimal.new("0").zero?)
+    assert_equal(false, BigDecimal.new("1").zero?)
+    assert_equal(true, BigDecimal.new("0E200000000000000").zero?)
+  end
+
+  def test_nonzero_p
+    assert_equal(nil, BigDecimal.new("0").nonzero?)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new("1"), BigDecimal.new("1").nonzero?)
+  end
+
+  def test_double_fig
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, BigDecimal.double_fig)
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp
+    n1 = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    n2 = BigDecimal.new("2")
+    assert_equal( 0, n1 <=> n1)
+    assert_equal( 1, n2 <=> n1)
+    assert_equal(-1, n1 <=> n2)
+    assert_operator(n1, :==, n1)
+    assert_operator(n1, :!=, n2)
+    assert_operator(n1, :<, n2)
+    assert_operator(n1, :<=, n1)
+    assert_operator(n1, :<=, n2)
+    assert_operator(n2, :>, n1)
+    assert_operator(n2, :>=, n1)
+    assert_operator(n1, :>=, n1)
+
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new("-0"), :==, BigDecimal.new("0"))
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new("0"), :<, BigDecimal.new("1"))
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new("1"), :>, BigDecimal.new("0"))
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new("1"), :>, BigDecimal.new("-1"))
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new("-1"), :<, BigDecimal.new("1"))
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s), :>, BigDecimal.new("1"))
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new("1"), :<, BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s))
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    inf = BigDecimal.new("Infinity")
+    assert_operator(inf, :>, 1)
+    assert_operator(1, :<, inf)
+
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal("1E-1"), :==, 10**(-1), '#4825')
+    assert_equal(0, BigDecimal("1E-1") <=> 10**(-1), '#4825')
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp_issue9192
+    bug9192 = '[ruby-core:58756] [#9192]'
+    operators = { :== => :==, :< => :>, :> => :<, :<= => :>=, :>= => :<= }
+    5.upto(8) do |i|
+      s = "706.0#{i}"
+      d = BigDecimal(s)
+      f = s.to_f
+      operators.each do |op, inv|
+        assert_equal(d.send(op, f), f.send(inv, d),
+                     "(BigDecimal(#{s.inspect}) #{op} #{s}) and (#{s} #{inv} BigDecimal(#{s.inspect})) is different #{bug9192}")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp_nan
+    n1 = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    assert_equal(nil, BigDecimal.new("NaN") <=> n1)
+    assert_equal(false, BigDecimal.new("NaN") > n1)
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp_failing_coercion
+    n1 = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    assert_equal(nil, n1 <=> nil)
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError){n1 > nil}
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp_coerce
+    n1 = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    n2 = BigDecimal.new("2")
+    o1 = Object.new; def o1.coerce(x); [x, BigDecimal.new("1")]; end
+    o2 = Object.new; def o2.coerce(x); [x, BigDecimal.new("2")]; end
+    assert_equal( 0, n1 <=> o1)
+    assert_equal( 1, n2 <=> o1)
+    assert_equal(-1, n1 <=> o2)
+    assert_operator(n1, :==, o1)
+    assert_operator(n1, :!=, o2)
+    assert_operator(n1, :<, o2)
+    assert_operator(n1, :<=, o1)
+    assert_operator(n1, :<=, o2)
+    assert_operator(n2, :>, o1)
+    assert_operator(n2, :>=, o1)
+    assert_operator(n1, :>=, 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp_bignum
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s), :==, 2**100)
+  end
+
+  def test_cmp_data
+    d = Time.now; def d.coerce(x); [x, x]; end
+    assert_operator(BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s), :==, d)
+  end
+
+  def test_precs
+    a = BigDecimal.new("1").precs
+    assert_instance_of(Array, a)
+    assert_equal(2, a.size)
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, a[0])
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, a[1])
+  end
+
+  def test_hash
+    a = []
+    b = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    10.times { a << b *= 10 }
+    h = {}
+    a.each_with_index {|x, i| h[x] = i }
+    a.each_with_index do |x, i|
+      assert_equal(i, h[x])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_marshal
+    s = Marshal.dump(BigDecimal("1", 1))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("1", 1), Marshal.load(s))
+
+    # corrupt data
+    s = s.gsub(/BigDecimal.*\z/m) {|x| x.gsub(/\d/m, "-") }
+    assert_raise(TypeError) { Marshal.load(s) }
+  end
+
+  def test_finite_infinite_nan
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE, false)
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new("0")
+    assert_equal(true, x.finite?)
+    assert_equal(nil, x.infinite?)
+    assert_equal(false, x.nan?)
+    y = 1 / x
+    assert_equal(false, y.finite?)
+    assert_equal(1, y.infinite?)
+    assert_equal(false, y.nan?)
+    y = -1 / x
+    assert_equal(false, y.finite?)
+    assert_equal(-1, y.infinite?)
+    assert_equal(false, y.nan?)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    y = 0 / x
+    assert_equal(false, y.finite?)
+    assert_equal(nil, y.infinite?)
+    assert_equal(true, y.nan?)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_i
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new("0")
+    assert_kind_of(Integer, x.to_i)
+    assert_equal(0, x.to_i)
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError){( 1 / x).to_i}
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError){(-1 / x).to_i}
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) {( 0 / x).to_i}
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    assert_equal(1, x.to_i)
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(2**100, x.to_i)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_f
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE, false)
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new("0")
+    assert_instance_of(Float, x.to_f)
+    assert_equal(0.0, x.to_f)
+    assert_equal( 1.0 / 0.0, ( 1 / x).to_f)
+    assert_equal(-1.0 / 0.0, (-1 / x).to_f)
+    assert_equal(true, ( 0 / x).to_f.nan?)
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    assert_equal(1.0, x.to_f)
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal((2**100).to_f, x.to_f)
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1" + "0" * 10000)
+    assert_equal(0, BigDecimal.new("-0").to_f)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, true)
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) { x.to_f }
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    assert_kind_of(Float,   x .to_f)
+    assert_kind_of(Float, (-x).to_f)
+
+    bug6944 = '[ruby-core:47342]'
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW, true)
+    x = "1e#{Float::MIN_10_EXP - 2*Float::DIG}"
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError, x) {BigDecimal(x).to_f}
+    x = "-#{x}"
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError, x) {BigDecimal(x).to_f}
+    x = "1e#{Float::MIN_10_EXP - Float::DIG}"
+    assert_nothing_raised(FloatDomainError, x) {
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, BigDecimal(x).to_f, 10**Float::MIN_10_EXP, bug6944)
+    }
+    x = "-#{x}"
+    assert_nothing_raised(FloatDomainError, x) {
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, BigDecimal(x).to_f, 10**Float::MIN_10_EXP, bug6944)
+    }
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW, false)
+    x = "1e#{Float::MIN_10_EXP - 2*Float::DIG}"
+    assert_equal( 0.0, BigDecimal(x).to_f, x)
+    x = "-#{x}"
+    assert_equal(-0.0, BigDecimal(x).to_f, x)
+    x = "1e#{Float::MIN_10_EXP - Float::DIG}"
+    assert_nothing_raised(FloatDomainError, x) {
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, BigDecimal(x).to_f, 10**Float::MIN_10_EXP, bug6944)
+    }
+    x = "-#{x}"
+    assert_nothing_raised(FloatDomainError, x) {
+      assert_in_delta(0.0, BigDecimal(x).to_f, 10**Float::MIN_10_EXP, bug6944)
+    }
+
+    assert_equal( 0.0, BigDecimal(  '9e-325').to_f)
+    assert_equal( 0.0, BigDecimal( '10e-325').to_f)
+    assert_equal(-0.0, BigDecimal( '-9e-325').to_f)
+    assert_equal(-0.0, BigDecimal('-10e-325').to_f)
+  end
+
+  def test_coerce
+    a, b = BigDecimal.new("1").coerce(1.0)
+    assert_instance_of(BigDecimal, a)
+    assert_instance_of(BigDecimal, b)
+    assert_equal(2, 1 + BigDecimal.new("1"), '[ruby-core:25697]')
+
+    a, b = BigDecimal("1").coerce(1.quo(10))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0.1"), a, '[ruby-core:34318]')
+
+    a, b = BigDecimal("0.11111").coerce(1.quo(3))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0." + "3"*a.precs[0]), a)
+
+    assert_nothing_raised(TypeError, '#7176') do
+      BigDecimal.new('1') + Rational(1)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_uplus
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    assert_equal(x, x.send(:+@))
+  end
+
+  def test_add
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new("2"), x + x)
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal.new("0") + 1)
+    assert_equal(1, x + 0)
+
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("0") + 0).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("-0") + 0).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("-0") + BigDecimal.new("-0")).sign)
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new((2**100+1).to_s), x + 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_sub
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1")
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new("0"), x - x)
+    assert_equal(-1, BigDecimal.new("0") - 1)
+    assert_equal(1, x - 0)
+
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("0") - 0).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("-0") - 0).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("-0") - BigDecimal.new("-0")).sign)
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new((2**100-1).to_s), x - 1)
+  end
+
+  def test_sub_with_float
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") - 1.0)
+  end
+
+  def test_sub_with_rational
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") - 1.quo(3))
+  end
+
+  def test_mult
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new((2**100 * 3).to_s), (x * 3).to_i)
+    assert_equal(x, (x * 1).to_i)
+    assert_equal(x, (BigDecimal("1") * x).to_i)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new((2**200).to_s), (x * x).to_i)
+  end
+
+  def test_mult_with_float
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") * 1.5)
+  end
+
+  def test_mult_with_rational
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") * 1.quo(3))
+  end
+
+  def test_mult_with_nil
+    assert_raise(TypeError) {
+      BigDecimal('1.1') * nil
+    }
+  end
+
+  def test_div
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal.new((2**100 / 3).to_s), (x / 3).to_i)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("0") / 1).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, (BigDecimal.new("-0") / 1).sign)
+    assert_equal(2, BigDecimal.new("2") / 1)
+    assert_equal(-2, BigDecimal.new("2") / -1)
+
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal('1486.868686869'), BigDecimal('1472.0') / BigDecimal('0.99'), '[ruby-core:59365] [#9316]')
+
+    assert_equal(4.124045235, BigDecimal('0.9932') / (700 * BigDecimal('0.344045') / BigDecimal('1000.0')), '[#9305]')
+  end
+
+  def test_div_with_float
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") / 1.5)
+  end
+
+  def test_div_with_rational
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") / 1.quo(3))
+  end
+
+  def test_mod
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(1, x % 3)
+    assert_equal(2, (-x) % 3)
+    assert_equal(-2, x % -3)
+    assert_equal(-1, (-x) % -3)
+  end
+
+  def test_mod_with_float
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") % 1.5)
+  end
+
+  def test_mod_with_rational
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3") % 1.quo(3))
+  end
+
+  def test_remainder
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(1, x.remainder(3))
+    assert_equal(-1, (-x).remainder(3))
+    assert_equal(1, x.remainder(-3))
+    assert_equal(-1, (-x).remainder(-3))
+  end
+
+  def test_remainder_with_float
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3").remainder(1.5))
+  end
+
+  def test_remainder_with_rational
+    assert_kind_of(BigDecimal, BigDecimal.new("3").remainder(1.quo(3)))
+  end
+
+  def test_divmod
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal([(x / 3).floor, 1], x.divmod(3))
+    assert_equal([(-x / 3).floor, 2], (-x).divmod(3))
+
+    assert_equal([0, 0], BigDecimal.new("0").divmod(2))
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    assert_raise(ZeroDivisionError){BigDecimal.new("0").divmod(0)}
+  end
+
+  def test_add_bigdecimal
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(3000000000000000000000000000000, x.add(x, 1))
+    assert_equal(2500000000000000000000000000000, x.add(x, 2))
+    assert_equal(2540000000000000000000000000000, x.add(x, 3))
+  end
+
+  def test_sub_bigdecimal
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(1000000000000000000000000000000, x.sub(1, 1))
+    assert_equal(1300000000000000000000000000000, x.sub(1, 2))
+    assert_equal(1270000000000000000000000000000, x.sub(1, 3))
+  end
+
+  def test_mult_bigdecimal
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(4000000000000000000000000000000, x.mult(3, 1))
+    assert_equal(3800000000000000000000000000000, x.mult(3, 2))
+    assert_equal(3800000000000000000000000000000, x.mult(3, 3))
+  end
+
+  def test_div_bigdecimal
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(422550200076076467165567735125, x.div(3))
+    assert_equal(400000000000000000000000000000, x.div(3, 1))
+    assert_equal(420000000000000000000000000000, x.div(3, 2))
+    assert_equal(423000000000000000000000000000, x.div(3, 3))
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      assert_equal(0, BigDecimal("0").div(BigDecimal("Infinity")))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_abs_bigdecimal
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(1267650600228229401496703205376, x.abs)
+    x = BigDecimal.new("-" + (2**100).to_s)
+    assert_equal(1267650600228229401496703205376, x.abs)
+    x = BigDecimal.new("0")
+    assert_equal(0, x.abs)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    x = BigDecimal.new("NaN")
+    assert_equal(true, x.abs.nan?)
+  end
+
+  def test_sqrt_bigdecimal
+    x = BigDecimal.new("0.09")
+    assert_in_delta(0.3, x.sqrt(1), 0.001)
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**100).to_s)
+    y = BigDecimal("1125899906842624")
+    e = y.exponent
+    assert_equal(true, (x.sqrt(100) - y).abs < BigDecimal("1E#{e-100}"))
+    assert_equal(true, (x.sqrt(200) - y).abs < BigDecimal("1E#{e-200}"))
+    assert_equal(true, (x.sqrt(300) - y).abs < BigDecimal("1E#{e-300}"))
+    x = BigDecimal.new("-" + (2**100).to_s)
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) { x.sqrt(1) }
+    x = BigDecimal.new((2**200).to_s)
+    assert_equal(2**100, x.sqrt(1))
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) { BigDecimal.new("NaN").sqrt(1) }
+
+    assert_equal(0, BigDecimal.new("0").sqrt(1))
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal.new("1").sqrt(1))
+  end
+
+  def test_sqrt_5266
+    x = BigDecimal('2' + '0'*100)
+    assert_equal('0.14142135623730950488016887242096980785696718753769480731',
+                 x.sqrt(56).to_s(56).split(' ')[0])
+    assert_equal('0.1414213562373095048801688724209698078569671875376948073',
+                 x.sqrt(55).to_s(55).split(' ')[0])
+
+    x = BigDecimal('2' + '0'*200)
+    assert_equal('0.14142135623730950488016887242096980785696718753769480731766797379907324784621070388503875343276415727350138462',
+                 x.sqrt(110).to_s(110).split(' ')[0])
+    assert_equal('0.1414213562373095048801688724209698078569671875376948073176679737990732478462107038850387534327641572735013846',
+                 x.sqrt(109).to_s(109).split(' ')[0])
+  end
+
+  def test_fix
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1.1")
+    assert_equal(1, x.fix)
+  end
+
+  def test_frac
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1.1")
+    assert_equal(0.1, x.frac)
+    assert_equal(0.1, BigDecimal.new("0.1").frac)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    assert_equal(true, BigDecimal.new("NaN").frac.nan?)
+  end
+
+  def test_round
+    assert_equal(3, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").round)
+    assert_equal(9, BigDecimal.new("8.7").round)
+    assert_equal(3.142, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").round(3))
+    assert_equal(13300.0, BigDecimal.new("13345.234").round(-2))
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new("111.111")
+    assert_equal(111    , x.round)
+    assert_equal(111.1  , x.round(1))
+    assert_equal(111.11 , x.round(2))
+    assert_equal(111.111, x.round(3))
+    assert_equal(111.111, x.round(4))
+    assert_equal(110    , x.round(-1))
+    assert_equal(100    , x.round(-2))
+    assert_equal(  0    , x.round(-3))
+    assert_equal(  0    , x.round(-4))
+
+    x = BigDecimal.new("2.5")
+    assert_equal(3, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_UP))
+    assert_equal(2, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_DOWN))
+    assert_equal(3, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP))
+    assert_equal(2, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN))
+    assert_equal(2, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN))
+    assert_equal(3, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_CEILING))
+    assert_equal(2, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_FLOOR))
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { x.round(0, 256) }
+
+    ROUNDING_MODE_MAP.each do |const, sym|
+      assert_equal(x.round(0, const), x.round(0, sym))
+    end
+
+    bug3803 = '[ruby-core:32136]'
+    15.times do |n|
+      x = BigDecimal.new("5#{'0'*n}1")
+      assert_equal(10**(n+2), x.round(-(n+2), BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN), bug3803)
+      assert_equal(10**(n+2), x.round(-(n+2), BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN), bug3803)
+      x = BigDecimal.new("0.5#{'0'*n}1")
+      assert_equal(1, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN), bug3803)
+      assert_equal(1, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN), bug3803)
+      x = BigDecimal.new("-0.5#{'0'*n}1")
+      assert_equal(-1, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_DOWN), bug3803)
+      assert_equal(-1, x.round(0, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_EVEN), bug3803)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_truncate
+    assert_equal(3, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").truncate)
+    assert_equal(8, BigDecimal.new("8.7").truncate)
+    assert_equal(3.141, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").truncate(3))
+    assert_equal(13300.0, BigDecimal.new("13345.234").truncate(-2))
+  end
+
+  def test_floor
+    assert_equal(3, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").floor)
+    assert_equal(-10, BigDecimal.new("-9.1").floor)
+    assert_equal(3.141, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").floor(3))
+    assert_equal(13300.0, BigDecimal.new("13345.234").floor(-2))
+  end
+
+  def test_ceil
+    assert_equal(4, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").ceil)
+    assert_equal(-9, BigDecimal.new("-9.1").ceil)
+    assert_equal(3.142, BigDecimal.new("3.14159").ceil(3))
+    assert_equal(13400.0, BigDecimal.new("13345.234").ceil(-2))
+  end
+
+  def test_to_s
+    assert_equal('-123.45678 90123 45678 9', BigDecimal.new('-123.45678901234567890').to_s('5F'))
+    assert_equal('+123.45678901 23456789', BigDecimal.new('123.45678901234567890').to_s('+8F'))
+    assert_equal(' 123.4567890123456789', BigDecimal.new('123.45678901234567890').to_s(' F'))
+    assert_equal('0.1234567890123456789E3', BigDecimal.new('123.45678901234567890').to_s)
+    assert_equal('0.12345 67890 12345 6789E3', BigDecimal.new('123.45678901234567890').to_s(5))
+  end
+
+  def test_split
+    x = BigDecimal.new('-123.45678901234567890')
+    assert_equal([-1, "1234567890123456789", 10, 3], x.split)
+    assert_equal([1, "0", 10, 0], BigDecimal.new("0").split)
+    assert_equal([-1, "0", 10, 0], BigDecimal.new("-0").split)
+
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    assert_equal([0, "NaN", 10, 0], BigDecimal.new("NaN").split)
+    assert_equal([1, "Infinity", 10, 0], BigDecimal.new("Infinity").split)
+    assert_equal([-1, "Infinity", 10, 0], BigDecimal.new("-Infinity").split)
+  end
+
+  def test_exponent
+    x = BigDecimal.new('-123.45678901234567890')
+    assert_equal(3, x.exponent)
+  end
+
+  def test_inspect
+    x = BigDecimal.new("1234.5678")
+    prec, maxprec = x.precs
+    assert_match(/^#<BigDecimal:[0-9a-f]+,'0.12345678E4',#{prec}\(#{maxprec}\)>$/, x.inspect)
+  end
+
+  def test_power
+    assert_nothing_raised(TypeError, '[ruby-core:47632]') do
+      1000.times { BigDecimal.new('1001.10')**0.75 }
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_with_nil
+    assert_raise(TypeError) do
+      BigDecimal(3) ** nil
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_of_nan
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** 0)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** 1)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** 42)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** -42)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** 42.0)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** -42.0)
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** BigDecimal(42))
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** BigDecimal(-42))
+      assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** BigDecimal::INFINITY)
+      BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+        BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+        assert_nan(BigDecimal::NAN ** (-BigDecimal::INFINITY))
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_with_Bignum
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      assert_equal(0, BigDecimal(0) ** (2**100))
+
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal(0) ** -(2**100))
+      assert_positive_infinite((-BigDecimal(0)) ** -(2**100))
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal(0)) ** -(2**100 + 1))
+
+      assert_equal(1, BigDecimal(1) ** (2**100))
+
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal(3) ** (2**100))
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal(3) ** (-2**100))
+
+      assert_negative_infinite(BigDecimal(-3) ** (2**100))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal(-3) ** (2**100 + 1))
+      assert_negative_zero(BigDecimal(-3) ** (-2**100))
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal(-3) ** (-2**100 - 1))
+
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal(0.5, Float::DIG) ** (2**100))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal(0.5, Float::DIG) ** (-2**100))
+
+      assert_negative_zero(BigDecimal(-0.5, Float::DIG) ** (2**100))
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal(-0.5, Float::DIG) ** (2**100 - 1))
+      assert_negative_infinite(BigDecimal(-0.5, Float::DIG) ** (-2**100))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal(-0.5, Float::DIG) ** (-2**100 - 1))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_with_BigDecimal
+    assert_nothing_raised do
+      assert_in_delta(3 ** 3, BigDecimal(3) ** BigDecimal(3))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_of_finite_with_zero
+    x = BigDecimal(1)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0.quo(1))
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0.0)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** BigDecimal(0))
+
+    x = BigDecimal(42)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0.quo(1))
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0.0)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** BigDecimal(0))
+
+    x = BigDecimal(-42)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0.quo(1))
+    assert_equal(1, x ** 0.0)
+    assert_equal(1, x ** BigDecimal(0))
+  end
+
+  def test_power_of_three
+    x = BigDecimal(3)
+    assert_equal(81, x ** 4)
+    assert_equal(1.quo(81), x ** -4)
+    assert_in_delta(1.0/81, x ** -4)
+  end
+
+  def test_power_of_zero
+    zero = BigDecimal(0)
+    assert_equal(0, zero ** 4)
+    assert_equal(0, zero ** 4.quo(1))
+    assert_equal(0, zero ** 4.0)
+    assert_equal(0, zero ** BigDecimal(4))
+    assert_equal(1, zero ** 0)
+    assert_equal(1, zero ** 0.quo(1))
+    assert_equal(1, zero ** 0.0)
+    assert_equal(1, zero ** BigDecimal(0))
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+      assert_positive_infinite(zero ** -1)
+      assert_positive_infinite(zero ** -1.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_infinite(zero ** -1.0)
+      assert_positive_infinite(zero ** BigDecimal(-1))
+
+      m_zero = BigDecimal("-0")
+      assert_negative_infinite(m_zero ** -1)
+      assert_negative_infinite(m_zero ** -1.quo(1))
+      assert_negative_infinite(m_zero ** -1.0)
+      assert_negative_infinite(m_zero ** BigDecimal(-1))
+      assert_positive_infinite(m_zero ** -2)
+      assert_positive_infinite(m_zero ** -2.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_infinite(m_zero ** -2.0)
+      assert_positive_infinite(m_zero ** BigDecimal(-2))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_of_positive_infinity
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 3)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 3.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 3.0)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** BigDecimal(3))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 2)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 2.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 2.0)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** BigDecimal(2))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 1)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 1.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 1.0)
+      assert_positive_infinite(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** BigDecimal(1))
+      assert_equal(1, BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 0)
+      assert_equal(1, BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 0.quo(1))
+      assert_equal(1, BigDecimal::INFINITY ** 0.0)
+      assert_equal(1, BigDecimal::INFINITY ** BigDecimal(0))
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** -1)
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** -1.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** -1.0)
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** BigDecimal(-1))
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** -2)
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** -2.0)
+      assert_positive_zero(BigDecimal::INFINITY ** BigDecimal(-2))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_of_negative_infinity
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 3)
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 3.quo(1))
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 3.0)
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** BigDecimal(3))
+      assert_positive_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 2)
+      assert_positive_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 2.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 2.0)
+      assert_positive_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** BigDecimal(2))
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 1)
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 1.quo(1))
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 1.0)
+      assert_negative_infinite((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** BigDecimal(1))
+      assert_equal(1, (-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 0)
+      assert_equal(1, (-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 0.quo(1))
+      assert_equal(1, (-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** 0.0)
+      assert_equal(1, (-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** BigDecimal(0))
+      assert_negative_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** -1)
+      assert_negative_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** -1.quo(1))
+      assert_negative_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** -1.0)
+      assert_negative_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** BigDecimal(-1))
+      assert_positive_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** -2)
+      assert_positive_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** -2.quo(1))
+      assert_positive_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** -2.0)
+      assert_positive_zero((-BigDecimal::INFINITY) ** BigDecimal(-2))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_power_without_prec
+    pi  = BigDecimal("3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937511")
+    e   = BigDecimal("2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369996")
+    pow = BigDecimal("22.4591577183610454734271522045437350275893151339967843873233068")
+    assert_equal(pow, pi.power(e))
+  end
+
+  def test_power_with_prec
+    pi  = BigDecimal("3.14159265358979323846264338327950288419716939937511")
+    e   = BigDecimal("2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369996")
+    pow = BigDecimal("22.459157718361045473")
+    assert_equal(pow, pi.power(e, 20))
+
+    b = BigDecimal('1.034482758620689655172413793103448275862068965517241379310344827586206896551724')
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal('0.114523E1'), b.power(4, 5), '[Bug #8818] [ruby-core:56802]')
+  end
+
+  def test_limit
+    BigDecimal.limit(1)
+    x = BigDecimal.new("3")
+    assert_equal(90, x ** 4) # OK? must it be 80?
+    # 3 * 3 * 3 * 3 = 10 * 3 * 3 = 30 * 3 = 90 ???
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { BigDecimal.limit(-1) }
+
+    bug7458 = '[ruby-core:50269] [#7458]'
+    one = BigDecimal('1')
+    epsilon = BigDecimal('0.7E-18')
+    BigDecimal.save_limit do
+      BigDecimal.limit(0)
+      assert_equal(BigDecimal("1.0000000000000000007"), one + epsilon, "limit(0) #{bug7458}")
+
+      1.upto(18) do |lim|
+        BigDecimal.limit(lim)
+        assert_equal(BigDecimal("1.0"), one + epsilon, "limit(#{lim}) #{bug7458}")
+      end
+
+      BigDecimal.limit(19)
+      assert_equal(BigDecimal("1.000000000000000001"), one + epsilon, "limit(19) #{bug7458}")
+
+      BigDecimal.limit(20)
+      assert_equal(BigDecimal("1.0000000000000000007"), one + epsilon, "limit(20) #{bug7458}")
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_sign
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ZERODIVIDE, false)
+
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, BigDecimal.new("0").sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, BigDecimal.new("-0").sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_FINITE, BigDecimal.new("1").sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_FINITE, BigDecimal.new("-1").sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE, (BigDecimal.new("1") / 0).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE, (BigDecimal.new("-1") / 0).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NaN, (BigDecimal.new("0") / 0).sign)
+  end
+
+  def test_inf
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    inf = BigDecimal.new("Infinity")
+
+    assert_equal(inf, inf + inf)
+    assert_equal(true, (inf + (-inf)).nan?)
+    assert_equal(true, (inf - inf).nan?)
+    assert_equal(inf, inf - (-inf))
+    assert_equal(inf, inf * inf)
+    assert_equal(true, (inf / inf).nan?)
+
+    assert_equal(inf, inf + 1)
+    assert_equal(inf, inf - 1)
+    assert_equal(inf, inf * 1)
+    assert_equal(true, (inf * 0).nan?)
+    assert_equal(inf, inf / 1)
+
+    assert_equal(inf, 1 + inf)
+    assert_equal(-inf, 1 - inf)
+    assert_equal(inf, 1 * inf)
+    assert_equal(-inf, -1 * inf)
+    assert_equal(true, (0 * inf).nan?)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, (1 / inf).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, (-1 / inf).sign)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_special_string
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+    nan = BigDecimal.new("NaN")
+    assert_equal("NaN", nan.to_s)
+    inf = BigDecimal.new("Infinity")
+    assert_equal("Infinity", inf.to_s)
+    assert_equal(" Infinity", inf.to_s(" "))
+    assert_equal("+Infinity", inf.to_s("+"))
+    assert_equal("-Infinity", (-inf).to_s)
+    pzero = BigDecimal.new("0")
+    assert_equal("0.0", pzero.to_s)
+    assert_equal(" 0.0", pzero.to_s(" "))
+    assert_equal("+0.0", pzero.to_s("+"))
+    assert_equal("-0.0", (-pzero).to_s)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_string
+    assert_equal("0.01", BigDecimal("0.01").to_s("F"))
+    s = "0." + "0" * 100 + "1"
+    assert_equal(s, BigDecimal(s).to_s("F"))
+    s = "1" + "0" * 100 + ".0"
+    assert_equal(s, BigDecimal(s).to_s("F"))
+  end
+
+  def test_ctov
+    assert_equal(0.1, BigDecimal.new("1E-1"))
+    assert_equal(10, BigDecimal.new("1E+1"))
+    assert_equal(1, BigDecimal.new("+1"))
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, false)
+
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_INFINITE, BigDecimal.new("1E1" + "0" * 10000).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_INFINITE, BigDecimal.new("-1E1" + "0" * 10000).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_POSITIVE_ZERO, BigDecimal.new("1E-1" + "0" * 10000).sign)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal::SIGN_NEGATIVE_ZERO, BigDecimal.new("-1E-1" + "0" * 10000).sign)
+  end
+
+  def test_split_under_gc_stress
+    bug3258 = '[ruby-dev:41213]'
+    expect = 10.upto(20).map{|i|[1, "1", 10, i+1].inspect}
+    assert_in_out_err(%w[-rbigdecimal --disable-gems], <<-EOS, expect, [], bug3258)
+    GC.stress = true
+    10.upto(20) do |i|
+      p BigDecimal.new("1"+"0"*i).split
+    end
+    EOS
+  end
+
+  def test_coerce_under_gc_stress
+    assert_in_out_err(%w[-rbigdecimal --disable-gems], <<-EOS, [], [])
+      expect = ":too_long_to_embed_as_string can't be coerced into BigDecimal"
+      b = BigDecimal.new("1")
+      GC.stress = true
+      10.times do
+        begin
+          b.coerce(:too_long_to_embed_as_string)
+        rescue => e
+          raise unless e.is_a?(TypeError)
+          raise "'\#{expect}' is expected, but '\#{e.message}'" unless e.message == expect
+        end
+      end
+    EOS
+  end
+
+  def test_INFINITY
+    assert(BigDecimal::INFINITY.infinite?, "BigDecimal::INFINITY is not a infinity")
+  end
+
+  def test_NAN
+    assert(BigDecimal::NAN.nan?, "BigDecimal::NAN is not NaN")
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_zerp_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.exp(1, 0)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_negative_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.exp(1, -42)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_complex
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.exp(Complex(1, 2), 20)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_negative_infinite
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      assert_equal(0, BigMath.exp(-BigDecimal::INFINITY, 20))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_positive_infinite
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      assert(BigMath.exp(BigDecimal::INFINITY, 20) > 0)
+      assert(BigMath.exp(BigDecimal::INFINITY, 20).infinite?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_nan
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+      assert(BigMath.exp(BigDecimal::NAN, 20).nan?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_exp_with_1
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math::E, BigMath.exp(1, 20))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_exp
+    prec = 20
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(20), BigMath.exp(BigDecimal("20"), prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(40), BigMath.exp(BigDecimal("40"), prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-20), BigMath.exp(BigDecimal("-20"), prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-40), BigMath.exp(BigDecimal("-40"), prec))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_exp_with_float
+    prec = 20
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(20), BigMath.exp(20.0, prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(40), BigMath.exp(40.0, prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-20), BigMath.exp(-20.0, prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-40), BigMath.exp(-40.0, prec))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_exp_with_fixnum
+    prec = 20
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(20), BigMath.exp(20, prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(40), BigMath.exp(40, prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-20), BigMath.exp(-20, prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-40), BigMath.exp(-40, prec))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_exp_with_rational
+    prec = 20
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(20), BigMath.exp(Rational(40,2), prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(40), BigMath.exp(Rational(80,2), prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-20), BigMath.exp(Rational(-40,2), prec))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.exp(-40), BigMath.exp(Rational(-80,2), prec))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_exp_under_gc_stress
+    assert_in_out_err(%w[-rbigdecimal --disable-gems], <<-EOS, [], [])
+      expect = ":too_long_to_embed_as_string can't be coerced into BigDecimal"
+      10.times do
+        begin
+          BigMath.exp(:too_long_to_embed_as_string, 6)
+        rescue => e
+          raise unless e.is_a?(ArgumentError)
+          raise "'\#{expect}' is expected, but '\#{e.message}'" unless e.message == expect
+        end
+      end
+    EOS
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_string
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.log("foo", 20)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_nil
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.log(nil, 20)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_non_integer_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.log(1, 0.5)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_nil_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.log(1, nil)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_complex
+    assert_raise(Math::DomainError) do
+      BigMath.log(Complex(1, 2), 20)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_zero_arg
+    assert_raise(Math::DomainError) do
+      BigMath.log(0, 20)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_negative_arg
+    assert_raise(Math::DomainError) do
+      BigMath.log(-1, 20)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_zero_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.log(1, 0)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_negative_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) do
+      BigMath.log(1, -42)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_negative_infinite
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      assert_raise(Math::DomainError) do
+        BigMath.log(-BigDecimal::INFINITY, 20)
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_positive_infinite
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, false)
+      assert(BigMath.log(BigDecimal::INFINITY, 20) > 0)
+      assert(BigMath.log(BigDecimal::INFINITY, 20).infinite?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_nan
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+      assert(BigMath.log(BigDecimal::NAN, 20).nan?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_float_nan
+    BigDecimal.save_exception_mode do
+      BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN, false)
+      assert(BigMath.log(Float::NAN, 20).nan?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_1
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, BigMath.log(1, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, BigMath.log(1.0, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, BigMath.log(BigDecimal(1), 20))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_exp_1
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, BigMath.log(BigMath.E(10), 10))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_2
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(2), BigMath.log(2, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(2), BigMath.log(2.0, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(2), BigMath.log(BigDecimal(2), 20))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_square_of_E
+    assert_in_delta(2, BigMath.log(BigMath.E(20)**2, 20))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_high_precision_case
+    e   = BigDecimal('2.71828182845904523536028747135266249775724709369996')
+    e_3 = e.mult(e, 50).mult(e, 50)
+    log_3 = BigMath.log(e_3, 50)
+    assert_in_delta(3, log_3, 0.0000000000_0000000000_0000000000_0000000000_0000000001)
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_42
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(42), BigMath.log(42, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(42), BigMath.log(42.0, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(42), BigMath.log(BigDecimal(42), 20))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_101
+    # this is mainly a performance test (should be very fast, not the 0.3 s)
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(101), BigMath.log(101, 20), 1E-15)
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_with_reciprocal_of_42
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(1e-42), BigMath.log(1e-42, 20))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.log(1e-42), BigMath.log(BigDecimal("1e-42"), 20))
+  end
+
+  def test_BigMath_log_under_gc_stress
+    assert_in_out_err(%w[-rbigdecimal --disable-gems], <<-EOS, [], [])
+      expect = ":too_long_to_embed_as_string can't be coerced into BigDecimal"
+      10.times do
+        begin
+          BigMath.log(:too_long_to_embed_as_string, 6)
+        rescue => e
+          raise unless e.is_a?(ArgumentError)
+          raise "'\#{expect}' is expected, but '\#{e.message}'" unless e.message == expect
+        end
+      end
+    EOS
+  end
+
+  def test_dup
+    [1, -1, 2**100, -2**100].each do |i|
+      x = BigDecimal(i)
+      assert_equal(x, x.dup)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_dup_subclass
+    c = Class.new(BigDecimal)
+    x = c.new(1)
+    y = x.dup
+    assert_equal(1, y)
+    assert_kind_of(c, y)
+  end
+
+  def test_to_d
+    bug6093 = '[ruby-core:42969]'
+    code = "exit(BigDecimal.new('10.0') == 10.0.to_d)"
+    assert_ruby_status(%w[-rbigdecimal -rbigdecimal/util -rmathn -], code, bug6093)
+  end
+
+  def test_bug6406
+    assert_in_out_err(%w[-rbigdecimal --disable-gems], <<-EOS, [], [])
+    Thread.current.keys.to_s
+    EOS
+  end
+end
diff --git a/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal_util.rb b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal_util.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e4d6400
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigdecimal_util.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+require_relative "testbase"
+
+require 'bigdecimal/util'
+
+class TestBigDecimalUtil < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  def test_BigDecimal_to_d
+    x = BigDecimal(1)
+    assert_same(x, x.to_d)
+  end
+
+  def test_Integer_to_d
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal(1), 1.to_d)
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal(2<<100), (2<<100).to_d)
+  end
+
+  def test_Float_to_d_without_precision
+    delta = 1.0/10**(Float::DIG)
+    assert_in_delta(BigDecimal(0.5, Float::DIG), 0.5.to_d, delta)
+    assert_in_delta(BigDecimal(355.0/113.0, Float::DIG), (355.0/113.0).to_d, delta)
+    assert_equal(9.05.to_d.to_s('F'), "9.05")
+
+    bug9214 = '[ruby-core:58858]'
+    assert_equal((-0.0).to_d.sign, -1, bug9214)
+  end
+
+  def test_Float_to_d_with_precision
+    digits = 5
+    delta = 1.0/10**(digits)
+    assert_in_delta(BigDecimal(0.5, 5), 0.5.to_d(digits), delta)
+    assert_in_delta(BigDecimal(355.0/113.0, 5), (355.0/113.0).to_d(digits), delta)
+
+    bug9214 = '[ruby-core:58858]'
+    assert_equal((-0.0).to_d(digits).sign, -1, bug9214)
+  end
+
+  def test_Rational_to_d
+    digits = 100
+    delta = 1.0/10**(digits)
+    assert_in_delta(BigDecimal(1.quo(2), digits), 1.quo(2).to_d(digits), delta)
+    assert_in_delta(BigDecimal(355.quo(113), digits), 355.quo(113).to_d(digits), delta)
+  end
+
+  def test_Rational_to_d_with_zero_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { 355.quo(113).to_d(0) }
+  end
+
+  def test_Rational_to_d_with_negative_precision
+    assert_raise(ArgumentError) { 355.quo(113).to_d(-42) }
+  end
+end
diff --git a/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..740c755
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/test_bigmath.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+require_relative "testbase"
+require "bigdecimal/math"
+
+class TestBigMath < Test::Unit::TestCase
+  include TestBigDecimalBase
+  include BigMath
+  N = 20
+  PINF = BigDecimal("+Infinity")
+  MINF = BigDecimal("-Infinity")
+  NAN = BigDecimal("NaN")
+
+  def test_const
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI, PI(N))
+    assert_in_delta(Math::E, E(N))
+  end
+
+  def test_sqrt
+    assert_in_delta(2**0.5, sqrt(BigDecimal("2"), N))
+    assert_equal(10, sqrt(BigDecimal("100"), N))
+    assert_equal(0.0, sqrt(BigDecimal("0"), N))
+    assert_equal(0.0, sqrt(BigDecimal("-0"), N))
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) {sqrt(BigDecimal("-1.0"), N)}
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) {sqrt(NAN, N)}
+    assert_raise(FloatDomainError) {sqrt(PINF, N)}
+  end
+
+  def test_sin
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(BigDecimal("0.0"), N))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.sqrt(2.0) / 2, sin(PI(N) / 4, N))
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, sin(PI(N) / 2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(PI(N) * 2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(PI(N), N))
+    assert_in_delta(-1.0, sin(PI(N) / -2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(PI(N) * -2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(-PI(N), N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(PI(N) * 21, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, sin(PI(N) * 30, N))
+    assert_in_delta(-1.0, sin(PI(N) * BigDecimal("301.5"), N))
+  end
+
+  def test_cos
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, cos(BigDecimal("0.0"), N))
+    assert_in_delta(Math.sqrt(2.0) / 2, cos(PI(N) / 4, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, cos(PI(N) / 2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, cos(PI(N) * 2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(-1.0, cos(PI(N), N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, cos(PI(N) / -2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, cos(PI(N) * -2, N))
+    assert_in_delta(-1.0, cos(-PI(N), N))
+    assert_in_delta(-1.0, cos(PI(N) * 21, N))
+    assert_in_delta(1.0, cos(PI(N) * 30, N))
+    assert_in_delta(0.0, cos(PI(N) * BigDecimal("301.5"), N))
+  end
+
+  def test_atan
+    assert_equal(0.0, atan(BigDecimal("0.0"), N))
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/4, atan(BigDecimal("1.0"), N))
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/6, atan(sqrt(BigDecimal("3.0"), N) / 3, N))
+    assert_in_delta(Math::PI/2, atan(PINF, N))
+    assert_equal(BigDecimal("0.823840753418636291769355073102514088959345624027952954058347023122539489"),
+                 atan(BigDecimal("1.08"), 72).round(72), '[ruby-dev:41257]')
+  end
+
+  def test_log
+    assert_equal(0, BigMath.log(BigDecimal("1.0"), 10))
+    assert_in_epsilon(Math.log(10)*1000, BigMath.log(BigDecimal("1e1000"), 10))
+    assert_raise(Math::DomainError) {BigMath.log(BigDecimal("0"), 10)}
+    assert_raise(Math::DomainError) {BigMath.log(BigDecimal("-1"), 10)}
+    assert_separately(%w[-rbigdecimal], <<-SRC)
+    begin
+      x = BigMath.log(BigDecimal("1E19999999999999"), 10)
+    rescue FloatDomainError
+    else
+      unless x.infinite?
+        assert_in_epsilon(Math.log(10)*19999999999999, x)
+      end
+    end
+    SRC
+  end
+end
diff --git a/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/testbase.rb b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/testbase.rb
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c014e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/jni/ruby/test/bigdecimal/testbase.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+require "test/unit"
+require "bigdecimal"
+
+module TestBigDecimalBase
+  def setup
+    @mode = BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ALL)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_ALL, true)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW, true)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW, true)
+    BigDecimal.mode(BigDecimal::ROUND_MODE, BigDecimal::ROUND_HALF_UP)
+    BigDecimal.limit(0)
+  end
+
+  def teardown
+    [BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_INFINITY, BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_NaN,
+     BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_UNDERFLOW, BigDecimal::EXCEPTION_OVERFLOW].each do |mode|
+      BigDecimal.mode(mode, !(@mode & mode).zero?)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def under_gc_stress
+    stress, GC.stress = GC.stress, true
+    yield
+  ensure
+    GC.stress = stress
+  end
+end