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diff --git a/jni/ruby/test/csv/test_encodings.rb b/jni/ruby/test/csv/test_encodings.rb
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+#!/usr/bin/env ruby -w
+# encoding: UTF-8
+
+# tc_encodings.rb
+#
+#  Created by James Edward Gray II on 2008-09-13.
+#  Copyright 2008 James Edward Gray II. You can redistribute or modify this code
+#  under the terms of Ruby's license.
+
+require_relative "base"
+
+class TestCSV::Encodings < TestCSV
+  extend DifferentOFS
+
+  def setup
+    super
+    require 'tempfile'
+    @temp_csv_file = Tempfile.new(%w"test_csv. .csv")
+    @temp_csv_path = @temp_csv_file.path
+    @temp_csv_file.close
+  end
+
+  def teardown
+    @temp_csv_file.close!
+    super
+  end
+
+  ########################################
+  ### Hand Test Some Popular Encodings ###
+  ########################################
+
+  def test_parses_utf8_encoding
+    assert_parses( [ %w[ one two … ],
+                     %w[ 1   …   3 ],
+                     %w[ …   5   6 ] ], "UTF-8" )
+  end
+
+  def test_parses_latin1_encoding
+    assert_parses( [ %w[ one    two    Résumé ],
+                     %w[ 1      Résumé 3      ],
+                     %w[ Résumé 5      6      ] ], "ISO-8859-1" )
+  end
+
+  def test_parses_utf16be_encoding
+    assert_parses( [ %w[ one two … ],
+                     %w[ 1   …   3 ],
+                     %w[ …   5   6 ] ], "UTF-16BE" )
+  end
+
+  def test_parses_shift_jis_encoding
+    assert_parses( [ %w[ 一 二 三 ],
+                     %w[ 四 五 六 ],
+                     %w[ 七 八 九 ] ], "Shift_JIS" )
+  end
+
+  ###########################################################
+  ### Try Simple Reading for All Non-dummy Ruby Encodings ###
+  ###########################################################
+
+  def test_reading_with_most_encodings
+    each_encoding do |encoding|
+      begin
+        assert_parses( [ %w[ abc def ],
+                         %w[ ghi jkl ] ], encoding )
+      rescue Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
+        fail("Failed to support #{encoding.name}.")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_regular_expression_escaping
+    each_encoding do |encoding|
+      begin
+        assert_parses( [ %w[ abc def ],
+                         %w[ ghi jkl ] ], encoding, col_sep: "|" )
+      rescue Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
+        fail("Failed to properly escape #{encoding.name}.")
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_read_with_default_encoding
+    data             = "abc"
+    default_external = Encoding.default_external
+    each_encoding do |encoding|
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb", encoding: encoding) {|f| f << data}
+      begin
+        no_warnings do
+          Encoding.default_external = encoding
+        end
+        result = CSV.read(@temp_csv_path)[0][0]
+      ensure
+        no_warnings do
+          Encoding.default_external = default_external
+        end
+      end
+      assert_equal(encoding, result.encoding)
+    end
+  end
+
+  #######################################################################
+  ### Stress Test ASCII Compatible and Non-ASCII Compatible Encodings ###
+  #######################################################################
+
+  def test_auto_line_ending_detection
+    # arrange data to place a \r at the end of CSV's read ahead point
+    encode_for_tests([["a" * 509]], row_sep: "\r\n") do |data|
+      assert_equal("\r\n".encode(data.encoding), CSV.new(data).row_sep)
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_csv_chars_are_transcoded
+    encode_for_tests([%w[abc def]]) do |data|
+      %w[col_sep row_sep quote_char].each do |csv_char|
+        assert_equal( "|".encode(data.encoding),
+                      CSV.new(data, csv_char.to_sym => "|").send(csv_char) )
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_parser_works_with_encoded_headers
+    encode_for_tests([%w[one two three], %w[1 2 3]]) do |data|
+      parsed = CSV.parse(data, headers: true)
+      assert_all?(parsed.headers, "Wrong data encoding.") {|h| h.encoding == data.encoding}
+      parsed.each do |row|
+        assert_all?(row.fields, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_built_in_converters_transcode_to_utf_8_then_convert
+    encode_for_tests([%w[one two three], %w[1 2 3]]) do |data|
+      parsed = CSV.parse(data, converters: :integer)
+      assert_all?(parsed[0], "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+      assert_equal([1, 2, 3], parsed[1])
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_built_in_header_converters_transcode_to_utf_8_then_convert
+    encode_for_tests([%w[one two three], %w[1 2 3]]) do |data|
+      parsed = CSV.parse( data, headers:           true,
+                                header_converters: :downcase )
+      assert_all?(parsed.headers, "Wrong data encoding.") {|h| h.encoding.name == "UTF-8"}
+      assert_all?(parsed[0].fields, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_open_allows_you_to_set_encodings
+    encode_for_tests([%w[abc def]]) do |data|
+      # read and write in encoding
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb:#{data.encoding.name}") { |f| f << data }
+      CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, "rb:#{data.encoding.name}") do |csv|
+        csv.each do |row|
+          assert_all?(row, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+        end
+      end
+
+      # read and write with transcoding
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb:UTF-32BE:#{data.encoding.name}") do |f|
+        f << data
+      end
+      CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, "rb:UTF-32BE:#{data.encoding.name}") do |csv|
+        csv.each do |row|
+          assert_all?(row, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_foreach_allows_you_to_set_encodings
+    encode_for_tests([%w[abc def]]) do |data|
+      # read and write in encoding
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb", encoding: data.encoding) { |f| f << data }
+      CSV.foreach(@temp_csv_path, encoding: data.encoding) do |row|
+        row.each {|f| assert_equal(f.encoding, data.encoding)}
+      end
+
+      # read and write with transcoding
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb:UTF-32BE:#{data.encoding.name}") do |f|
+        f << data
+      end
+      CSV.foreach( @temp_csv_path,
+                   encoding: "UTF-32BE:#{data.encoding.name}" ) do |row|
+        assert_all?(row, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+      end
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_read_allows_you_to_set_encodings
+    encode_for_tests([%w[abc def]]) do |data|
+      # read and write in encoding
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb:#{data.encoding.name}") { |f| f << data }
+      rows = CSV.read(@temp_csv_path, encoding: data.encoding.name)
+      assert_all?(rows.flatten, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+
+      # read and write with transcoding
+      File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb:UTF-32BE:#{data.encoding.name}") do |f|
+        f << data
+      end
+      rows = CSV.read( @temp_csv_path,
+                       encoding: "UTF-32BE:#{data.encoding.name}" )
+      assert_all?(rows.flatten, "Wrong data encoding.") {|f| f.encoding == data.encoding}
+    end
+  end
+
+  #################################
+  ### Write CSV in any Encoding ###
+  #################################
+
+  def test_can_write_csv_in_any_encoding
+    each_encoding do |encoding|
+      # test generate_line with encoding hint
+      begin
+        csv = %w[abc d|ef].map { |f| f.encode(encoding) }.
+          to_csv(col_sep: "|", encoding: encoding.name)
+      rescue Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
+        next
+      end
+      assert_equal(encoding, csv.encoding)
+
+      # test generate_line with encoding guessing from fields
+      csv = %w[abc d|ef].map { |f| f.encode(encoding) }.to_csv(col_sep: "|")
+      assert_equal(encoding, csv.encoding)
+
+      # writing to files
+      data = encode_ary([%w[abc d,ef], %w[123 456 ]], encoding)
+      CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb:#{encoding.name}") do |f|
+        data.each { |row| f << row }
+      end
+      assert_equal(data, CSV.read(@temp_csv_path, encoding: encoding.name))
+    end
+  end
+
+  def test_encoding_is_upgraded_during_writing_as_needed
+    data = ["foo".force_encoding("US-ASCII"), "\u3042"]
+    assert_equal("US-ASCII", data.first.encoding.name)
+    assert_equal("UTF-8",    data.last.encoding.name)
+    assert_equal("UTF-8",    data.join('').encoding.name)
+    assert_equal("UTF-8",    data.to_csv.encoding.name)
+  end
+
+  def test_encoding_is_upgraded_for_ascii_content_during_writing_as_needed
+    data = ["foo".force_encoding("ISO-8859-1"), "\u3042"]
+    assert_equal("ISO-8859-1", data.first.encoding.name)
+    assert_equal("UTF-8",      data.last.encoding.name)
+    assert_equal("UTF-8",      data.join('').encoding.name)
+    assert_equal("UTF-8",      data.to_csv.encoding.name)
+  end
+
+  def test_explicit_encoding
+    bug9766 = '[ruby-core:62113] [Bug #9766]'
+    s = CSV.generate(encoding: "Windows-31J") do |csv|
+      csv << ["foo".force_encoding("ISO-8859-1"), "\u3042"]
+    end
+    assert_equal(["foo,\u3042\n".encode(Encoding::Windows_31J), Encoding::Windows_31J], [s, s.encoding], bug9766)
+  end
+
+  private
+
+  def assert_parses(fields, encoding, options = { })
+    encoding = Encoding.find(encoding) unless encoding.is_a? Encoding
+    orig_fields = fields
+    fields   = encode_ary(fields, encoding)
+    data = ary_to_data(fields, options)
+    parsed   = CSV.parse(data, options)
+    assert_equal(fields, parsed)
+    parsed.flatten.each_with_index do |field, i|
+      assert_equal(encoding, field.encoding, "Field[#{i + 1}] was transcoded.")
+    end
+    File.open(@temp_csv_path, "wb") {|f| f.print(data)}
+    CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, "rb:#{encoding}", options) do |csv|
+      csv.each_with_index do |row, i|
+        assert_equal(fields[i], row)
+      end
+    end
+    begin
+      CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, "rb:#{encoding}:#{__ENCODING__}", options) do |csv|
+        csv.each_with_index do |row, i|
+          assert_equal(orig_fields[i], row)
+        end
+      end unless encoding == __ENCODING__
+    rescue Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
+    end
+    options[:encoding] = encoding.name
+    CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, options) do |csv|
+      csv.each_with_index do |row, i|
+        assert_equal(fields[i], row)
+      end
+    end
+    options.delete(:encoding)
+    options[:external_encoding] = encoding.name
+    options[:internal_encoding] = __ENCODING__.name
+    begin
+      CSV.open(@temp_csv_path, options) do |csv|
+        csv.each_with_index do |row, i|
+          assert_equal(orig_fields[i], row)
+        end
+      end unless encoding == __ENCODING__
+    rescue Encoding::ConverterNotFoundError
+    end
+  end
+
+  def encode_ary(ary, encoding)
+    ary.map { |row| row.map { |field| field.encode(encoding) } }
+  end
+
+  def ary_to_data(ary, options = { })
+    encoding   = ary.flatten.first.encoding
+    quote_char = (options[:quote_char] || '"').encode(encoding)
+    col_sep    = (options[:col_sep]    || ",").encode(encoding)
+    row_sep    = (options[:row_sep]    || "\n").encode(encoding)
+    ary.map { |row|
+      row.map { |field|
+        [quote_char, field.encode(encoding), quote_char].join('')
+      }.join(col_sep) + row_sep
+    }.join('').encode(encoding)
+  end
+
+  def encode_for_tests(data, options = { })
+    yield ary_to_data(encode_ary(data, "UTF-8"),    options)
+    yield ary_to_data(encode_ary(data, "UTF-16BE"), options)
+  end
+
+  def each_encoding
+    Encoding.list.each do |encoding|
+      next if encoding.dummy?  # skip "dummy" encodings
+      yield encoding
+    end
+  end
+
+  def no_warnings
+    old_verbose, $VERBOSE = $VERBOSE, nil
+    yield
+  ensure
+    $VERBOSE = old_verbose
+  end
+end